📖Charlie Munger

Availability-Misweighing Tendency

🌿 Intermediate★★★★☆

The brain overweights vivid, recent, or easily recalled information when making decisions.

💬

The brain overweighs what's easily available.

— Psychology of Human Misjudgment，1995

🏠 Everyday Analogy

Just as a doctor cannot diagnose based solely on recent cases but must conduct a comprehensive examination, investors should not assume that a stock frequently featured in the news is the best investment opportunity. Often, it is the unassuming companies with solid fundamentals that are the true treasures.

📖 Core Interpretation

People tend to over-rely on readily accessible information while neglecting information that is harder to obtain but equally important.
💎 Key Insight：A dramatic market crash is more "available" to memory than decades of steady gains, so investors overweight crash risk. A friend's stock tip is more vivid than statistical analysis, so it feels more reliable. Availability bias means the information easiest to recall dominates our thinking. Munger counters this by relying on data and systematic analysis, not anecdotes.

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❓ Why It Matters

Media reports and vivid case studies can distort judgment, leading to erroneous estimations of risk and probability.

🎯 How to Practice

Utilize checklists and systematic processes to ensure that important yet easily overlooked factors are not missed.

🎙️ Master's Voice

The safest way to try to get what you want is to try to deserve what you want.
Munger believes in earning success through merit. Deserving what you want is more reliable than trying to get it through shortcuts.

⚔️ Practical Guide

✅ Decision Checklist

  • Am I trying to deserve what I want?
  • Am I taking shortcuts?
  • Am I building real value?

📋 Action Steps

  1. Earn success through merit
  2. Avoid shortcuts
  3. Build lasting value

🚨 Warning Signs

  • Seeking unearned gains
  • Shortcuts over substance
  • Expecting without deserving

⚠️ Common Pitfalls

✕Not all readily apparent information is incorrect.
✕It is essential to cultivate the habit of retrieving comprehensive information.

📚 Case Studies

1
Dot-Com Bubble Tech Stocks (1999)
Investors overfocused on frequently cited internet success stories and media hype, ignoring low profits and extreme valuations in many dot-com companies.
✨ Outcome：Many overpriced tech stocks collapsed 70–100% from 2000–2002, causing severe portfolio losses for investors who chased the most salient names.
2
Meme Stocks: GameStop & AMC (2021)
Retail investors fixated on viral social‑media posts and dramatic short‑squeeze stories, overweighting availability of sensational narratives over fundamentals.
✨ Outcome：Late buyers at extreme prices suffered large drawdowns as volatility normalized and prices fell far from peaks, while fundamentals remained weak.

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