📖Benjamin Graham

Long-term Perspective

🌿 Intermediate★★★★☆

Base all investment decisions on long-term business fundamentals, never on short-term price movements.

💬

The investor should be guided by long-term considerations and not by short-term market fluctuations.

— _The Intelligent Investor_，1949

🏠 Everyday Analogy

Investing is like planting a tree. Sowing seeds in spring is not for the shade in summer, but for the towering tree a decade later. Short-term storms and rains are merely tests of growth; the true reward lies in the accumulation over time. Those who rush for quick results often keep changing the soil as soon as the sapling sprouts, ultimately reaping nothing.

📖 Core Interpretation

Investment decisions should be based on long-term considerations rather than short-term market fluctuations.
💎 Key Insight：Short-term fluctuations are noise; long-term fundamentals are signal. Graham urges investors to evaluate every decision by asking whether it makes sense over a 5-10 year horizon, not a 5-10 day horizon. This single shift in time perspective eliminates the vast majority of costly emotional trading decisions.

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❓ Why It Matters

Short-term fluctuations are noise; long-term trends are the true signal.

🎯 How to Practice

Set long-term goals, formulate long-term plans, and ignore short-term noise.

🎙️ Master's Voice

We recommend that the investor divide his holdings between high-grade bonds and common stocks.
Graham's classic advice: split between stocks and bonds based on market conditions. This provided balance and reduced volatility.

⚔️ Practical Guide

✅ Decision Checklist

  • Do I have appropriate asset allocation?
  • Am I balanced between stocks and bonds?
  • Is my risk appropriate?

📋 Action Steps

  1. Maintain balanced allocation
  2. Adjust based on valuations
  3. Rebalance periodically

🚨 Warning Signs

  • All stocks or all bonds
  • No rebalancing
  • Inappropriate allocation

⚠️ Common Pitfalls

✕Long-term investment does not mean buying and ignoring.
✕Regular fundamental analysis is required.

📚 Case Studies

1
Washington Post Investment (1973)
During the 1973–74 bear market, Graham-influenced Buffett bought Washington Post at a severe discount while sentiment was bleak.
✨ Outcome：Holding for decades yielded returns over 100x as the business compounded value despite short-term price volatility.
2
GEICO Early Investment (1932)
Graham invested in GEICO when it was a small, misunderstood insurer facing market skepticism and low liquidity.
✨ Outcome：Long-term holding produced extraordinary gains as GEICO grew into a dominant low-cost insurer and highly profitable compounder.

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