📖Benjamin Graham

Rebalance Periodically

🌿 Intermediate★★★★☆

Regularly review and rebalance your portfolio.

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We recommend that the investor's portfolio of common stocks should be tested for quality by applying suitable standards to each holding. Periodic review and rebalancing is essential.

— _The Intelligent Investor_,1949

🏠 Everyday Analogy

Portfolio construction is like building a team. You need complementary roles, not eleven strikers chasing the same ball.

📖 Core Interpretation

Benjamin Graham views portfolio construction as risk architecture. Allocation, position sizing, and rebalancing rules determine whether you can stay disciplined across market regimes.
💎 Key Insight:Systematic rebalancing enforces buy-low, sell-high discipline.

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❓ Why It Matters

Without portfolio rules, decisions become reactive and concentrated. Sustainable returns come from controllable risk exposure, not one-off bets.

🎯 How to Practice

Set target allocation by risk tolerance, rebalance by rules rather than headlines, and prevent hidden concentration from dominating portfolio behavior.

⚠️ Common Pitfalls

Diversifying superficially without true risk balance
Skipping rebalancing rules and drifting style
Judging portfolio health by short-term returns only

📚 Case Studies

1
Defensive Investor in Nifty Fifty (1973)
Buys diversified portfolio of blue‑chip ‘Nifty Fifty’ stocks at high P/Es before 1973–74 bear market, using dollar‑cost averaging and broad diversification.
✨ Outcome:Portfolio falls sharply in 1973–74 but many holdings recover over next decade, validating emphasis on quality and staying invested.
2
Enterprising Investor in Tech Bubble (2000)
Analyzes early‑2000s tech stocks, rejects profitless dot‑coms, instead buys undervalued, cash‑rich firms like Microsoft and Intel after crash using Graham-style valuation.
✨ Outcome:Underperforms during bubble, then significantly outperforms broad market over subsequent decade as value is recognized.

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