📖John Templeton
Buy at Maximum Pessimism
Buy when pessimism is at its peak.
Bull markets are born on pessimism, grow on skepticism, mature on optimism, and die on euphoria. The time of maximum pessimism is the best time to buy.
🏠 Everyday Analogy
📖 Core Interpretation
John Templeton sees markets as cyclical rather than linear. Understanding cycle position improves risk-taking decisions more than trying to call exact tops and bottoms.
💎 Key Insight：Maximum pessimism creates maximum opportunity.
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❓ Why It Matters
Ignoring cycles repeats the same mistakes: excessive optimism at peaks and excessive pessimism near troughs. Context matters for position sizing.
🎯 How to Practice
Monitor credit, valuation, earnings, and sentiment signals; reduce aggressiveness in euphoric phases and preserve flexibility in fearful phases.
⚠️ Common Pitfalls
Treating short rebounds as full cycle turns
Extrapolating peak conditions indefinitely
Becoming maximally defensive near valuation troughs
📚 Case Studies
1
Early Investment in Post‑War Japan (1954)
Through on‑the‑ground research and analysis of balance sheets, Templeton invested in neglected Japanese companies during the 1950s, when the country was still rebuilding and foreign capital was scarce and skeptical.
✨ Outcome：As Japan industrialized and exports boomed, these unloved stocks multiplied in value, helping Templeton’s funds significantly outperform global benchmarks over the following decades.
2
Oil Shock and Global Diversification (1973)
During the 1973–74 bear market and oil crisis, Templeton shifted flexibly into non‑U.S. markets and energy-related stocks when U.S. equities were collapsing.
✨ Outcome：His Templeton Growth Fund outperformed many peers, benefiting from foreign and energy exposure during the recovery.
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