📖Warren Buffett

Mr. Market

🌿 Intermediate★★★★★

The market exists to serve you with prices, not to guide you with wisdom.

💬

Mr. Market is there to serve you, not to guide you. It is his pocketbook, not his wisdom, that you will find useful.

— 1987 Berkshire Hathaway Letter to Shareholders，1987

🏠 Everyday Analogy

Mr. Market is like the vegetable vendor at the neighborhood entrance. When he's in a good mood, he sells vegetables cheaply; when he's in a bad mood, he quotes exorbitant prices. You only need to buy vegetables when the price is right, paying no attention to his mood swings, and never letting his emotions affect your judgment of the true value of the vegetables.

📖 Core Interpretation

Imagine you have a business partner named "Mr. Market." He suffers from an incurable emotional disorder—sometimes he is extremely optimistic and quotes high prices, while other times he is deeply pessimistic and offers low prices. His quotes are for reference only; the decision to trade rests entirely with you.
💎 Key Insight：Mr. Market is an emotional business partner who offers to buy or sell shares at wildly different prices each day. Sometimes his offers are sensible, often they're driven by euphoria or depression. Your advantage is simple: you can accept his offer when it's attractive, or ignore him completely. Never let his mood dictate your investment decisions.

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❓ Why It Matters

The more manic Mr. Market becomes, the more advantageous it is for you. Consider selling to him when he is wildly optimistic, and consider buying from him when he is deeply pessimistic.

🎯 How to Practice

Never be led by Mr. Market. His mood does not reflect changes in a company's intrinsic value. Stock price ≠ business value.

🎙️ Master's Voice

Mr. Market is there to serve you, not to guide you. It is his pocketbook, not his wisdom, that you will find useful.
Benjamin Graham's "Mr. Market" allegory, which Buffett often cites: imagine a business partner who shows up daily offering to buy your share or sell you his. Some days he's euphoric, offering high prices; other days depressed, selling cheap. You can trade with him or ignore him—he doesn't mind. Smart investors use his irrationality.

⚔️ Practical Guide

✅ Decision Checklist

  • Am I using market prices to inform or to decide?
  • Have I determined value independently of market price?
  • Am I taking advantage of Mr. Market's moods?
  • Can I ignore market prices for months?

📋 Action Steps

  1. Calculate intrinsic value before checking market price
  2. Only trade when Mr. Market offers foolish prices
  3. Use price drops as buying opportunities
  4. Ignore daily price fluctuations

🚨 Warning Signs

  • Letting market price determine your view of value
  • Feeling smart when stocks rise, dumb when they fall
  • Trading based on price momentum
  • Checking prices multiple times daily

⚠️ Common Pitfalls

✕Mr. Market is always wrong - he is rational most of the time, but becomes irrational only during extreme periods.
✕One should always operate in the opposite direction of Mr. Market—only taking advantage of him when he is clearly mistaken and you are capable of making that judgment.

📚 Case Studies

1
September 2008 (2008)
Mr. Market was in a state of extreme panic, with the VIX soaring above 80.
✨ Outcome：Warren Buffett Announces "I Am Buying U.S. Stocks"
2
March 2000 (2000)
Mr. Market is extremely optimistic, with the Nasdaq P/E ratio exceeding 100.
✨ Outcome：Buffett Holds Cash and Waits

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