📖John Templeton
Flexibility
Superior results demand differentiation from the majority approach.
It is impossible to produce superior performance unless you do something different from the majority. Be flexible in your approach.
🏠 Everyday Analogy
📖 Core Interpretation
Don't be locked into a single approach. Be willing to adapt as circumstances change.
💎 Key Insight：By definition, average returns come from doing what everyone else does. Beating the market requires identifying where consensus is mistaken and acting on that insight before others recognize it. This necessitates independent research, contrarian thinking, and emotional fortitude to stand apart from the crowd. Comfort with being in the minority is essential, as maximum opportunity exists when you are right and alone.
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❓ Why It Matters
Markets evolve. What worked yesterday may not work tomorrow.
🎯 How to Practice
Remain open to new ideas. Adjust strategy based on opportunities and conditions.
🎙️ Master's Voice
The only way to avoid mistakes is not to invest, which is the biggest mistake of all.
Templeton recognized that mistakes are inevitable in investing. The alternative—not investing—is even worse because it guarantees missing out on long-term wealth creation. Accept mistakes as part of the process.
⚔️ Practical Guide
✅ Decision Checklist
- Am I avoiding investing because of fear of mistakes?
- Am I accepting mistakes as inevitable?
- Am I learning from my mistakes?
📋 Action Steps
- Accept that mistakes will happen
- Learn from mistakes rather than avoiding them
- Stay invested for the long term
🚨 Warning Signs
- Paralysis from fear of mistakes
- Not investing to avoid errors
- Letting mistakes discourage you
⚠️ Common Pitfalls
Style drift without reason
Abandoning sound principles for fads
📚 Case Studies
1
Buying at the Outbreak of WWII (1939)
As war began in Europe, Templeton bought 100 shares each of 104 depressed U.S. stocks, many near bankruptcy, believing pessimism was overdone.
✨ Outcome：Most positions appreciated sharply after the war; the portfolio reportedly quadrupled within a few years.
2
Oil Shock and Global Diversification (1973)
During the 1973–74 bear market and oil crisis, Templeton shifted flexibly into non‑U.S. markets and energy-related stocks when U.S. equities were collapsing.
✨ Outcome：His Templeton Growth Fund outperformed many peers, benefiting from foreign and energy exposure during the recovery.
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