📖Warren Buffett

Stay Within Circle

🌿 Intermediate★★★★★

Knowing the boundaries of what you understand matters more than expanding your knowledge.

💬

Know your circle of competence, and stick within it. The size of that circle is not very important; knowing its boundaries, however, is vital.

— 1996 Berkshire Hathaway Letter to Shareholders，1996

🏠 Everyday Analogy

Just as a chef prepares dishes, it is better to master a few signature dishes to perfection than to dabble in a little of everything. Knowing what you cannot cook is more important than being able to cook many dishes—this is how you protect your reputation.

📖 Core Interpretation

The size of your circle of competence is not important, but knowing its boundaries is crucial. Charlie Munger added: "I look for areas where I'm smart and they're stupid."
💎 Key Insight：Circle of competence isn't about how much you know — it's about honestly recognizing what you don't know. Buffett passes on countless profitable investments because they fall outside his circle. The discipline to say "I don't understand this" has saved him more money than any brilliant analysis ever earned.

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❓ Why It Matters

How to Define Your Circle of Competence?
  • 1. How many years have I studied this industry?
  • 2. Can I explain the business model to a layperson?
  • 3. Can I list the main reasons why a company might fail?

    • 🎯 How to Practice

    How to expand one's circle of competence? Engage in continuous reading and learning, conduct in-depth research into new industries (over several years), consult with industry experts, and start practicing with small investments.

    🎙️ Master's Voice

    What counts for most people in investing is not how much they know, but rather how realistically they define what they don't know.
    Buffett famously avoided tech stocks during the dot-com bubble, despite criticism. When asked why he didn't invest in Microsoft despite being close friends with Bill Gates, he simply said he didn't understand the business well enough to predict its cash flows 10 years out. This discipline saved Berkshire from the 2000 crash.

    ⚔️ Practical Guide

    ✅ Decision Checklist

    • Can I explain this business to a 10-year-old?
    • Do I understand how this company makes money?
    • Can I predict this business in 10 years?
    • Have I been following this industry for years?

    📋 Action Steps

    1. Write down your circle of competence industries
    2. List 5 businesses you truly understand deeply
    3. For each new investment, explain it in one paragraph
    4. Ask: What would make me wrong about this?

    🚨 Warning Signs

    • Investing because others are making money
    • Cannot explain the business model simply
    • Relying on experts rather than your own analysis
    • Feeling FOMO about hot sectors you don't understand

    ⚠️ Common Pitfalls

    ✕The circle of competence is fixed—it can be gradually expanded, but with caution and patience.
    ✕Professional expertise constitutes the competence circle - an investment competence circle requires the integration of industry knowledge, valuation skills, and psychological resilience.

    📚 Case Studies

    1
    Buffett Avoids Tech Stocks (1990)
    Admitting a lack of understanding of technology, preferring to miss opportunities rather than venture beyond one's circle of competence.
    ✨ Outcome：Demonstrates the principle in practice.
    2
    Investing in Apple (2016)
    It took several years to understand Apple's consumer goods nature before making the purchase.
    ✨ Outcome：Demonstrates the principle in practice.
    💡 Lesson：This is the correct way to expand one's circle of competence.
    3
    LTCM Collapse (1998)
    Investment by Nobel Laureate Team Gains Widespread Attention
    ✨ Outcome：Nearly Triggered a Financial Crisis

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