📖Benjamin Graham

Take Advantage of Fluctuations

🌱 Beginner★★★★★

Treat market volatility as a source of opportunity by buying undervalued assets during downturns.

💬

Market fluctuations should be viewed as an opportunity to buy low and sell high.

— _The Intelligent Investor_，1949

🏠 Everyday Analogy

Stock market fluctuations are akin to price changes in a vegetable market. The same cabbage might sell for 5 yuan per pound at 8 a.m., but only 3 yuan per pound by 5 p.m. Savvy shoppers do not panic over such price swings; instead, they buy more when prices are low and reduce or avoid purchases when prices are high. The same principle applies to stocks: price volatility presents opportunities to buy low and sell high.

📖 Core Interpretation

Market volatility is an opportunity, not a threat. Astute investors capitalize on fluctuations to generate profits.
💎 Key Insight：Fluctuations are not risk but opportunity for the prepared investor. Graham teaches that you should welcome falling prices for stocks you want to own and rising prices for stocks you want to sell. Develop a watch list and predetermined buy prices so you can act decisively when the market offers bargains.

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❓ Why It Matters

Emotion-driven price deviations present opportunities to buy low and sell high.

🎯 How to Practice

Buy undervalued stocks during market panic, and sell overvalued stocks during market euphoria.

🎙️ Master's Voice

If you are a prudent investor, you will not let Mr. Market's daily communication determine your view of the value of your holdings.
Graham urged investors to value holdings independently. Daily prices are noise; intrinsic value is signal.

⚔️ Practical Guide

✅ Decision Checklist

  • Am I valuing holdings independently?
  • Am I influenced by daily prices?
  • Do I know intrinsic value?

📋 Action Steps

  1. Calculate intrinsic value
  2. Ignore daily prices
  3. Value independently

🚨 Warning Signs

  • Price-determined value
  • Daily price focus
  • No intrinsic value calculation

⚠️ Common Pitfalls

✕Timing the market is difficult.
✕Avoid Overtrading
✕Long-term holding is often the better approach.

📚 Case Studies

1
Dot-Com Bust Volatility (2000)
Tech stocks collapsed after the bubble burst; high-quality firms with strong balance sheets traded at deep discounts for several years.
✨ Outcome：Accumulated shares gradually during panic and neglect, benefiting as valuations normalized over the following decade.
2
COVID-19 Market Crash (2020)
Broad indices plunged over 30% amid pandemic fear, temporarily marking down many durable, cash-rich businesses.
✨ Outcome：Used price declines to buy selected blue-chip stocks and hold as earnings and markets recovered in 2020–2021.

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